考场公认的一条准则：得阅读者得天下。阅读的考察大到篇章，小到标点符号，所以我们要掌握各个细节，知己知彼方能百战不殆。
 

1

逗号(comma)
 

用于分割并列成分。考研重点：两个逗号之间，或者一个逗号之后，如果是补充说明成分时，跳过不看。
 

Eg：Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.
 

2

句号(period/fullstop)
 

①用于陈述句，表示一个句子的结束，起分割切分句子作用。
 

②用于某些缩略词之后，比如Mr.、Ms.、etc.等等。如果句号作为简写符号使用，那么这个词语简写前后面的符号应该照常写上，因为简写号并非句号，也不遵循句号的语法。比如Entreprise Co，Ltd或者I invited Tom，Jerry，etc..(注意两个点)。
 

③用作小数点
 

3

问号(question mark)
 

考研英语阅读文章中的问号一般都是设问的功能，只问不答，答案不言自明。
 

Eg：考研难道没有价值吗?另外，如果开篇就是问句，那么则属于问题答案型文章，对问题的回答就是全文主旨。

 

4

冒号(colon)
 

冒号前后是从抽象到具体的过程，后面进一步补充说明前面的内容。
 

Eg：1997 passage3 Q2
 

60.The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean________.

[A]widespread

[B]overwhelming

[C]piercing

[D]fashionable
 

5

分号(semi-colon)
 

前后是并列关系，包括结构上并列和语义上的并列。
 

Eg：For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. (2000 Passage2)
 

6

引号(quotationmarks)
 

①引用 ②强调 ③讽刺
 

Eg：“Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.
 

7

括号(parentheses)
 

①解释说明生词。
 

②补充说明
 

Eg：Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，Text 3)
 

8

破折号(dash)
 

①一个破折号后面起补充说明或评价判断。
 

Eg：I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all.“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.
 

②两破折号之间其补充说明，可先跳过不看。
 

Eg：In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.
 

9

省略号(ellipsis)
 

英文中的省略号的作用和汉语是一样的。当省略号在句尾并且有下文时，应该打四个点，最后一个为句号。Eg：And it flew further，and further，and further....Jorge smiled and turned back.
 

当省略号在句尾并作为语气延长的作用时，应使用修辞前的标点Eg：Do you love me...?其余情况下使用三个点。如：The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town，please send...more...

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